Which vitamin deficiency is associated with symptoms like bleeding gums, petechiae, and corkscrew hairs?

Vitamin C deficiency is associated with symptoms such as bleeding gums, petechiae (tiny spots of bleeding under the skin), and corkscrew hairs. This deficiency leads to scurvy, a condition resulting from inadequate levels of ascorbic acid (Vitamin C), which plays a crucial role in collagen synthesis, aiding in skin structure, blood vessel integrity, and overall tissue health.

When vitamin C levels are low, the body cannot adequately produce collagen, leading to weakened blood vessels and connective tissue. This manifests as bleeding gums and petechiae due to fragile capillaries. The term "corkscrew hairs" refers to the abnormal curling of hair shafts that often occurs in individuals with this deficiency, reflecting the underlying structural changes in hair and skin.

Other vitamins listed, while critical to overall health, are not associated with this particular cluster of symptoms. Vitamin D primarily supports bone health and calcium metabolism, vitamin B12 is essential for nerve function and red blood cell production, and vitamin K is crucial for blood clotting. None of these deficiencies would lead to the specific symptoms of bleeding gums and corkscrew hairs that are hallmark features of vitamin C deficiency.