Which synthetic analog is known to reduce postprandial glucose levels through central activation and decreased glucagon secretion?

The correct answer is Pramlintide. This synthetic analog is an amylin analog that plays a significant role in glucose metabolism by mimicking the actions of the hormone amylin, which is naturally produced by the pancreas. Pramlintide helps to reduce postprandial glucose levels through several mechanisms. It slows gastric emptying, leading to a more gradual absorption of glucose into the bloodstream. This action prevents sharp spikes in blood glucose levels after meals.

Additionally, Pramlintide suppresses postprandial glucagon secretion, which is crucial because glucagon typically increases blood glucose levels by promoting hepatic glucose production. By decreasing glucagon levels following food intake, Pramlintide helps maintain better glucose control in individuals with diabetes.

Other options, while relevant in the management of blood glucose control, do not function similarly to Pramlintide. Exenatide and Liraglutide are GLP-1 receptor agonists that enhance insulin secretion in a glucose-dependent manner and reduce glucagon secretion, but their primary action focuses on stimulating insulin release rather than directly reducing postprandial glucose via mechanisms such as slowed gastric emptying. Canagliflozin, on the other hand, is an SGLT2 inhibitor