Which of the following is a contraindication to bariatric surgery?

A contraindication to bariatric surgery is the presence of a current or planned pregnancy within the next 12-18 months. This is due to the potential risks associated with major surgery during pregnancy, as well as the nutritional and metabolic changes that occur following bariatric procedures. These changes can affect both maternal and fetal health. It is crucial to ensure that the patient's body is not undergoing significant physiological changes due to pregnancy while also adapting to the alterations from surgery, which could potentially harm both the mother and the developing fetus.

In contrast, being under the age of 18 may raise certain challenges regarding maturity and understanding of long-term commitment to lifestyle changes, but it is not an absolute contraindication as some adolescents may be appropriate candidates for surgery under specific circumstances. Stable diabetes management is generally a sign that a patient is compatible with surgery and may even be a motivator for proceeding with the surgery. High physical activity levels typically suggest that the patient is engaged in healthy behaviors, which can be a positive indicator for surgical outcomes rather than a contraindication.