Which of the following is a clinical feature of MC4R deficiency?

The correct answer focuses on increased bone mineral density as a clinical feature of MC4R deficiency. Melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) plays a crucial role in the regulation of energy homeostasis and appetite. When there is a deficiency in this receptor, the typical response to energy levels and appetite regulation is disrupted, often resulting in obesity due to hyperphagia (excessive eating).

Individuals with MC4R deficiency frequently exhibit increased bone mineral density, which can be attributed to the complex interplay between metabolism and bone health influenced by this receptor. The heightened levels of body fat and other metabolic changes lead to alterations in bone remodeling processes, resulting in increased bone density. This feature distinguishes it from conditions where appetite regulation is normal, as in individuals with intact MC4R signaling, metabolic health is more balanced.

Other choices, while they may reflect different metabolic or growth patterns, do not directly correlate with the established clinical features associated with MC4R deficiency in the same way that increased bone mineral density does. Low insulin levels and decreased appetite are typically contrary to the effects observed in MC4R deficiency, while short stature is more associated with growth hormone deficiencies or other endocrine disorders rather than being a direct consequence of this genetic condition.