Which obesity-related hormone negatively impacts gastric emptying?

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) plays a significant role in regulating gastric emptying. It is an incretin hormone that is released from the intestine in response to food intake, particularly when glucose is present. When GIP is secreted, it not only enhances insulin secretion from the pancreas but also helps in mediating the effects of glucose on gastric motility. One of the consequences of GIP release is the slowing down of gastric emptying, allowing for better nutrient absorption and improved glucose metabolism.

The role of GIP in delaying gastric emptying is particularly important in the context of obesity and metabolic syndrome, where optimal digestion and nutrient absorption can contribute to better energy balance and weight management. Conditions associated with obesity often alter the secretion and action of various hormones, affecting gastric motility and appetite regulation.

In contrast, other hormones listed, such as ghrelin, insulin, and leptin, have different mechanisms and effects on gastric emptying. Ghrelin is known to stimulate appetite and promote gastric motility, while insulin plays a role in glucose metabolism and does not significantly impact gastric emptying in the same manner as GIP. Leptin is involved in long-term energy regulation and appetite suppression but does not have a direct effect on