Which complex disaccharide delays the digestion of carbohydrates and diminishes insulin release?

The correct answer is acarbose, a complex disaccharide that functions by delaying the digestion of carbohydrates and, consequently, diminishes insulin release. Acarbose is an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, which means it inhibits the enzymes responsible for breaking down carbohydrates into simpler sugars in the intestines. By slowing down carbohydrate digestion, acarbose reduces the rate at which glucose enters the bloodstream. This slower absorption of glucose leads to a more gradual release of insulin from the pancreas, which helps in managing blood sugar levels, particularly in individuals with diabetes.

In contrast, maltose, lactose, and sucrose are all types of disaccharides that are readily broken down into monosaccharides by the body’s digestive enzymes. This rapid breakdown can lead to quicker increases in blood glucose levels and subsequent insulin release. Thus, they do not provide the same beneficial effects on carbohydrate digestion and insulin regulation as acarbose does.