Which cognitive technique involves identifying and establishing a plan to counteract unhelpful or dysfunctional thinking that leads to unhealthful behaviors?

The correct choice is rooted in the concept of cognitive restructuring, which is a core cognitive-behavioral therapy technique. This technique specifically focuses on identifying negative or dysfunctional thoughts that can contribute to unhealthy behaviors. The process involves recognizing these thought patterns, evaluating their validity, and then developing strategies to replace them with more constructive thoughts.

Cognitive restructuring helps individuals to understand the connections between their thoughts, emotions, and behaviors, enabling them to modify their thinking and respond to situations in a healthier manner. This technique is particularly effective in managing issues related to weight and obesity, where negative self-perceptions and maladaptive beliefs can hinder progress.

While other options may have elements that address unhelpful thinking, behavioral therapy primarily focuses on changing specific behaviors rather than cognitive patterns. Mindfulness training emphasizes self-awareness and present-moment focus but does not systematically address dysfunctional thinking. Rational-emotive therapy is similar to cognitive restructuring, but it is a broader category of cognitive therapy that also involves an emphasis on changing irrational beliefs rather than just restructuring thoughts. Thus, cognitive restructuring best encapsulates the identification and planning needed to counteract unhelpful cognitive patterns leading to unhealthful behaviors.