What is the mechanism underlying dumping syndrome?

Dumping syndrome occurs as a result of rapid gastric emptying, where food moves too quickly from the stomach into the small intestine. This rapid movement, particularly of carbohydrate-rich foods, can lead to a swift absorption of glucose. When glucose enters the bloodstream rapidly, it leads to a significant increase in blood glucose levels. This spike triggers an exaggerated release of insulin from the pancreas. The insulin response often overshoots, leading to subsequent hypoglycemia, prompting symptoms such as sweating, dizziness, and palpitations.

Understanding this mechanism is crucial for managing dumping syndrome effectively. Patients may benefit from dietary adjustments, such as consuming smaller, more frequent meals and reducing their intake of simple carbohydrates to help mitigate the effects of rapid glucose absorption and insulin response.