In polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), what is typically seen in the hormonal profile?

In polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the hormonal profile typically shows an increased luteinizing hormone (LH) to follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) ratio. This imbalance is a hallmark of PCOS and occurs due to altered hypothalamic-pituitary function.

In PCOS, there is often an increase in the production of androgens, which can be associated with increased LH levels. Elevated LH stimulates ovarian theca cells to produce more androgens, contributing to the hormonal imbalance. Meanwhile, FSH levels may not rise proportionately, leading to a higher LH to FSH ratio. This ratio is frequently reported to be greater than 2:1 in women with PCOS, distinguishing this condition from others.

The increase in this ratio can contribute to the clinical symptoms associated with PCOS, such as anovulation, irregular menstrual cycles, and signs of hyperandrogenism, including acne and hirsutism. Thus, the increased LH to FSH ratio is considered a significant finding in the hormonal profile of individuals diagnosed with PCOS.