How is sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) affected in individuals with obesity?

In individuals with obesity, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels are typically decreased. This reduction is significant as SHBG plays a vital role in regulating the bioavailability of sex hormones, including testosterone and estrogen. In the context of obesity, factors such as insulin resistance and increased levels of circulating free fatty acids can lead to lower SHBG production by the liver.

As a consequence, lower levels of SHBG result in a higher availability of free (unbound) sex hormones. This increase in free testosterone can contribute to various complications, including hormonal imbalances, metabolic dysfunction, and may influence the development of certain obesity-related comorbidities.

Understanding the relationship between SHBG and obesity is essential for assessing endocrine function in overweight individuals and addressing metabolic health issues. This highlights the importance of monitoring hormone levels and considering SHBG as a factor in the management and treatment of obesity.