How do testosterone levels change with weight loss?

Testosterone levels typically increase with weight loss. Numerous studies have demonstrated that obesity is associated with lower testosterone levels due to a variety of factors, including increased aromatization of testosterone to estrogen in adipose tissue, changes in sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and alterations in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis.

When a person loses weight, particularly through lifestyle changes such as improved diet and increased physical activity, there's often a concurrent increase in testosterone levels. This increase can be attributed to reduced fat mass, which lowers the levels of estrogen produced from adipose tissue and can enhance the body's natural production of testosterone. Furthermore, weight loss can improve insulin sensitivity and metabolic health, both of which also play a role in optimizing testosterone production.

The other choices do not align with the physiological response typically observed in response to weight loss related to testosterone levels.